The Merged Sounding value-added product uses a combination of observations from radiosonde soundings, microwave radiometers, surface meteorological instruments, and European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model output. Sophisticated scaling/interpolation/smoothing techniques are employed to define profiles of the atmospheric thermodynamic state at 1-minute intervals and at 266 altitude levels.
For more details, read the Merged Sounding value-added product technical report.
Morcrette C, K Van Weverberg, H Ma, M Ahlgrimm, E Bazile, L Berg, A Cheng, F Cheruy, J Cole, R Forbes, W Gustafson, M Huang, W Lee, Y Liu, L Mellul, W Merryfield, Y Qian, R Roehrig, Y Wang, S Xie, K Xu, C Zhang, S Klein, and J Petch. 2018. "Introduction to CAUSES: Description of Weather and Climate Models and Their Near-Surface Temperature Errors in 5 day Hindcasts Near the Southern Great Plains." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123(5), doi:10.1002/2017JD027199.
Varble A. 2018. "Erroneous attribution of deep convective invigoration to aerosol concentration." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 75(4), 10.1175/JAS-D-17-0217.1.
Berg W, S Bilanow, R Chen, S Datta, D Draper, H Ebrahimi, S Farrar, L Jones, R Kroodsma, D McKague, V Payne, J Wang, T Wilheit, and JX Yang. 2016. "Intercalibration of the GPM Microwave Radiometer Constellation." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 33(12), 10.1175/jtech-d-16-0100.1. ONLINE.
Van Weverberg K, CJ Morcrette, H Ma, SA Klein, and JC Petch. 2015. "Using regime analysis to identify the contribution of clouds to surface temperature errors in weather and climate models." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 141(693), 10.1002/qj.2603.
Shupe MD, DD Turner, A Zwink, MM Thieman, EJ Mlawer, and T Shippert. 2015. "Deriving Arctic Cloud Microphysics at Barrow, Alaska: Algorithms, Results, and Radiative Closure." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 54(7), 10.1175/jamc-d-15-0054.1.
Chiu JC, JA Holmes, RJ Hogan, and EJ O'Connor. 2014. "The interdependence of continental warm cloud properties derived from unexploited solar background signals in ground-based lidar measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14, 10.5194/acp-14-8389-2014.
Mann JA, JC Chiu, RJ Hogan, EJ O'Connor, TS L'Ecuyer, TH Stein, and A Jefferson. 2014. "Aerosol impacts on drizzle properties in warm clouds from ARM Mobile Facility maritime and continental deployments." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 119(7), 10.1002/2013jd021339.
Yoneyama K, C Zhang, and CN Long. 2013. "Tracking Pulses of the Madden–Julian Oscillation." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 94(12), 10.1175/bams-d-12-00157.1.
Sivaraman S. 2013. ARM Climate Research Facility Quarterly Value-Added Product Report January 1–March 31, 2013. Ed. by U.S. Department of Energy, DOE/SC-ARM-13-010.
Mlawer EJ, VH Payne, J Moncet, JS Delamere, MJ Alvarado, and DD Tobin. 2012. "Development and recent evaluation of the MT_CKD model of continuum absorption." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 370(1968), 10.1098/rsta.2011.0295.