ACE-ENA
Aerosol and Cloud Experiments in the Eastern North Atlantic (ACE-ENA)
1 June 2017 - 28 February 2018
Lead Scientist: Jian Wang
Observatory: AAF, ENA
With their extensive coverage, low clouds greatly impact global climate, but they are poorly represented in global climate models (GCMs). The response of low clouds to changes in atmospheric greenhouse gases and aerosols remains the major source of uncertainty in climate simulations. The poor representations of low clouds in GCMs are partly due to inadequate observations of their microphysical and macrophysical structures, radiative effects, and the associated aerosol distribution and budget in regions where the aerosol impact is the greatest. The Eastern North Atlantic (ENA) is a region with persistent but diverse subtropical marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds. Their albedo and precipitation are highly susceptible to perturbations in aerosol properties. Boundary layer aerosol in the ENA region is influenced by a variety of sources, leading to strong variations in cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration and aerosol optical properties.
The ARM Climate Research Facility has a fixed ENA atmospheric observatory on Graciosa Island in the Azores, providing invaluable information on MBL aerosol and low clouds. At the same time, the vertical structures and horizontal variabilities of aerosol, trace gases, cloud, drizzle, and atmospheric thermodynamics are critically needed for understanding and quantifying the budget of MBL aerosol, the radiative properties, precipitation efficiency, and life cycle of MBL clouds, and the cloud response to aerosol perturbations. Much of this data can be obtained only through aircraft-based measurements. In addition, the interconnected aerosol and cloud processes are best investigated by a study involving simultaneous in situ aerosol, cloud, and thermodynamics measurements. In situ measurements are also necessary for validating and improving ground-based retrieval algorithms at the ENA site.
The Aerosol and Cloud Experiments in the Eastern North Atlantic (ACE-ENA) field campaign is motivated by the need for comprehensive in situ characterizations of boundary layer structure, and associated vertical distributions and horizontal variabilities of low clouds and aerosol over the Azores. The ARM Aerial Facility (AAF) Gulfstream-159 (G-1) aircraft will be deployed at the ENA site during two intensive operational periods: early summer 2017 (June to July) and winter 2018 (January to February). Deployments during both seasons allow for examination of key aerosol and cloud processes under a variety of representative meteorological and cloud conditions.
The science themes for this project include:
- the budget of MBL CCN and its seasonal variation
- effects of aerosol on cloud and precipitation
- cloud microphysical and macrophysical structures, and entrainment mixing
- advancing retrievals of turbulence, cloud, and drizzle
- model evaluation and processes studies.
A key advantage of the deployments is the strong synergy between the measurements on board the G-1 and the routine measurements at the ENA site, including state-of-the-art profiling and scanning radars. The three-dimensional cloud structures provided by the scanning radars will put the detailed in situ measurements into mesoscale and cloud life cycle contexts. On the other hand, high-quality in situ measurements will enable validation and improvements of ground-based retrieval algorithms at the ENA site, leading to high-quality and statistically robust data sets from the routine measurements. The deployments, combined with the routine measurements at the ENA site, will have a long-lasting impact on the research and modeling of low clouds and aerosols in the remote marine environment.
Operational Periods:
--2017.06.01-2017.07.31
--2018.01.01-2018.02.28
Co-Investigators
Eduardo Azevedo | Mary Gilles | Edward Luke |
Christopher Bretherton | Anne Jefferson | Allison McComiskey |
Duli Chand | Michael Jensen | Fan Mei |
J.-Y. Christine Chiu | Pavlos Kollias | Mark Miller |
Xiquan Dong | Chongai Kuang | Arthur Sedlacek |
Jerome Fast | Alexander Laskin | Raymond Shaw |
Andrew Gettelman | Ernie Lewis | Robert Wood |
Steven Ghan | Yangang Liu | |
Scott Giangrande | Xiaohong Liu |
Campaign Data Sets
IOP Participant | Data Source Name | Final Data |
---|---|---|
Alexander Laskin | Time Resolved Aerosol Collectors | Order Data |
Chuck Long | SPN1-Radiometer Suite_Tilt Corrected Data | Order Data |
Alyssa Matthews | 2DS Particle Imaging Probe Images | Order Data |
Alyssa Matthews | Ambient Winds- AIMMS | Order Data |
Alyssa Matthews | G-1 P1344 and P1347 Axis Video Cameras | Order Data |
Alyssa Matthews | High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer - Images | Order Data |
Alyssa Matthews | Water Content Monitor | Order Data |
Fan Mei | 2DS Particle Imaging Probe | Order Data |
Fan Mei | Condensation Particle Counters | Order Data |
Fan Mei | Fast Cloud Droplet Probe (FCDP) | Order Data |
Fan Mei | High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer | Order Data |
Fan Mei | Meteorology/State/Position Parameters | Order Data |
Mikhail Pekour | Open Path Tunable Diode Laser Hygrometer | Order Data |
Mikhail Pekour | Optical Particle Counter - Counterflow Virtual Impactor | Order Data |
Mikhail Pekour | Optical Particle Counter - Isokinetic | Order Data |
Raymond Shaw | Holographic Detector for Clouds | Order Data |
John Shilling | High- Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer | Order Data |
John Shilling | Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometer | Order Data |
Stephen Springston | Carbon Monoxide Analyzer aboard Aircraft_IOPI | Order Data |
Stephen Springston | Carbon Monoxide Analyzer aboard Aircraft_IOPII | Order Data |
Stephen Springston | Ozone Monitor aboard Aircraft_IOPI | Order Data |
Stephen Springston | Ozone Monitor aboard Aircraft_IOPII | Order Data |
Amy Sullivan | Particle-Into-Liquid Sampler (PILS) | Order Data |
Jason Tomlinson | Cloud Imaging Probe - G1 Aircraft | Order Data |
Jason Tomlinson | Cloud, Aerosol and Precipitation Spectrometer | Order Data |
Jason Tomlinson | Passive Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer | Order Data |
Jian Wang | Fast Integrated Mobility Spectrometer | Order Data |
ENA Data Sources
Name | Full Name | Browse Data |
---|---|---|
ACSM |
Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor | Browse Data |
AERI |
Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer | Browse Data |
AERINF |
AERI Noise Filtered | Browse Data |
AOP |
Aerosol Optical Properties | Browse Data |
AOS |
Aerosol Observing System | Browse Data |
AOSMET |
Meteorological Measurements associated with the Aerosol Observing System | Browse Data |
CAPS-PMEX |
Cavity Attenuated Phase Shift Extinction Monitor | Browse Data |
CCN |
Cloud Condensation Nuclei Particle Counter | Browse Data |
CCN-AIR |
Cloud Condensation Nuclei Particle Counter aboard Aircraft | Browse Data |
CEIL |
Ceilometer | Browse Data |
CMH-AIR |
Chilled Mirror Hygrometer aboard Aircraft | Browse Data |
CO-AIR |
Carbon Monoxide- Airborne | Browse Data |
CO-ANALYZER |
Carbon Monoxide Analyzer | Browse Data |
CPC |
Condensation Particle Counter | Browse Data |
CPC-AIR |
Condensation Particle Counter aboard Aircraft | Browse Data |
CSPHOT |
Cimel Sunphotometer | Browse Data |
DL |
Doppler Lidar | Browse Data |
DLPROF |
Doppler Lidar Profiles | Browse Data |
ECMWFDIAG |
European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts Diagnostic Analyses | Browse Data |
ECOR |
Eddy Correlation Flux Measurement System | Browse Data |
GHG |
Greenhouse Gas Monitor | Browse Data |
GNDRAD |
Ground Radiometers on Stand for Upwelling Radiation | Browse Data |
GUSTPROBE-AIR |
Aircraft Gust Probe | Browse Data |
HK-AIR |
House Keeping Instruments aboard Aircraft | Browse Data |
HTDMA |
Humidified Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer | Browse Data |
INLETCVI-AIR |
Inlet for Counterflow Virtual Impactor aboard Aircraft | Browse Data |
INLETISOK-AIR |
Isokinetic Inlet aboard Aircraft | Browse Data |
INTERPSONDE |
Interpolated Sonde | Browse Data |
IRT |
Infrared Thermometer | Browse Data |
KASACR |
Ka-Band Scanning ARM Cloud Radar | Browse Data |
KAZR |
Ka ARM Zenith Radar | Browse Data |
KAZRARSCL |
Active Remote Sensing of CLouds (ARSCL) product using Ka-band ARM Zenith Radars | Browse Data |
KAZRCOR |
KAZR Corrected Data | Browse Data |
LDIS |
Laser Disdrometer | Browse Data |
MAWS |
Automatic Weather Station | Browse Data |
MET |
Surface Meteorological Instrumentation | Browse Data |
MET-AIR |
Meteorological Instrumentation aboard Aircraft | Browse Data |
MFR |
Multifilter Radiometer | Browse Data |
MFRSR |
Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer | Browse Data |
MPL |
Micropulse Lidar | Browse Data |
MPLCMASK |
Cloud mask from Micropulse Lidar | Browse Data |
MWR3C |
Microwave Radiometer, 3 Channel | Browse Data |
MWRP |
Microwave Radiometer Profiler | Browse Data |
NAV-AIR |
Navigational Location and Attitude for Aircraft | Browse Data |
NEPHELOMETER |
Nephelometer | Browse Data |
NEPHELOMETER-AIR |
Nephelometer aboard Aircraft | Browse Data |
OZONE |
Ozone Monitor | Browse Data |
OZONE-AIR |
Ozone Monitor aboard Aircraft | Browse Data |
PBLHT |
Planetary Boundary Layer Height | Browse Data |
PCASP-AIR |
Passive Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer aboard Aircraft | Browse Data |
PSAP |
Particle Soot Absorption Photometer | Browse Data |
PSAP-AIR |
Particle Soot Absorption Photometer aboard Aircraft | Browse Data |
QCRAD |
Data Quality Assessment for ARM Radiation Data | Browse Data |
RADFLUXANAL |
Radiative Flux Analysis | Browse Data |
RAIN |
Rain Gauge | Browse Data |
RL |
Raman Lidar | Browse Data |
RLPROF |
Raman LIDAR Vertical Profiles | Browse Data |
RLPROFMR |
Raman Lidar Mixing Ratio | Browse Data |
RLPROFTEMP |
Raman Lidar Temperature VAP | Browse Data |
RWP |
Radar Wind Profiler | Browse Data |
SACRADVVAD |
SACR Advance Velocity Azimuth Display | Browse Data |
SEBS |
Surface Energy Balance System | Browse Data |
SKYRAD |
Sky Radiometers on Stand for Downwelling Radiation | Browse Data |
SONDE |
Balloon-Borne Sounding System | Browse Data |
SONDEGRID |
Gridded Sonde VAP Product | Browse Data |
SP2RBC |
Single Particle Soot Photometer Refractory Black Carbon | Browse Data |
TSI |
Total Sky Imager | Browse Data |
TWRCAM |
Tower Camera | Browse Data |
UHSAS |
Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer | Browse Data |
VDIS |
Video Disdrometer | Browse Data |
VISST |
Minnis Cloud Products Using Visst Algorithm | Browse Data |
WB |
Weighing Bucket Precipitation Gauge | Browse Data |
WSACR |
W-band Scanning ARM Cloud Radar | Browse Data |
XSAPR |
X-Band Scanning ARM Precipitation Radar | Browse Data |