ARM Enhanced Shortwave Experiment (ARESE)
September 25 - November 1, 1995
Data Expected from Participants
Tom Ackerman
Time-Lapsed Video Camera
Description: A standard video camera mounted above a hemispheric mirror which reflects an image of the sky onto the camera lens.
94 GHz Cloud Radar
Description: A vertically-pointing 94 GHz radar.
Data: Cloud Radar Data Sets
Charlie Whitlock
4 Shortwave Radiometers
Description: Broadband shortwave hemispheric radiometers.
Data: Available from Langley ARM/UAV
Ray Bambha / Jim Carswell
95 GHz radar system
Description: This is a scanning radar capable of measuring reflectivity and Doppler velocity within clouds. The radar has a four meter Cassegrain antenna and is mounted on a mechanical positioner for scanning.
Data: Not available.
John Goldsmith / Forest Blair
Raman Lidar
Description: The CART Raman Lidar is a laser based instrument whose primary function is to measure vertical profiles of atmospheric water vapor. A secondary (but still key) function is lidar characterization of atmospheric aerosols, including cloud characteristics (to the extent that the laser is able to penetrate the cloud). These quantities are derived from direct measurements of Raman, Rayleigh, and particulate backscatter observed using the lidar system, which operates by transmitting a pulsed laser beam upward into the atmosphere and using a telescope and associated optical train to analyze the light that is scattered back downward to the instrument. The entire stand-alone system is housed in a standard 8x8x20 foot seatainer and requires AC power and ethernet connections. Although a class IV laser is used, a beam expander causes the beam to be eyesafe out of the barrel. The lidar will be operated by Sandia personnel for the ARESE IOP. There are other requirements to be completed before it becomes a CART instrument.
The Raman Lidar has gone through a formal design review and will be installed at IDP #3. The instrument is expected to arrive at the site on September 13, 1995.
Data: Not available...contact John Goldsmith for details.
Jeff Griffin / Dave Murcray
Absolute Solar Transmission Interferometer (ASTI)
Description:The ASTI is an IDP prototype instrument. ASTI is an absolute spectral radiometer designed especially to measure the absolute spectral radiance of the sun as observed from the ground. Since the observations are made through the earth's atmosphere the observation can be used to determine the absolute transmission of the atmosphere as well as the absolute solar spectral irradiance at the earth's surface. The instrument is designed for measurements in the 1micron to 5 microns region, however the wavelength region covered can be extended to the longer wavelengths by slight modifications. The system consists of a small BOMEM interferometer equipped with a CaF2 beamsplitter and an InSb detector. The instrument is equipped with a solar tracking system which orients the instrument so that an elevation scanning mirror, controlled by a servo system, maintains the solar radiation on the interferometer aperture. By rotating this mirror to 00elevation angle the instrument views an absolute spectral radiance lamp certified by NIST. Ratioing the spectra observed by the sun with that of the standard lamp gives the absolute spectral radiance of the sun as observed through the atmosphere. The absolute extra terrestrial solar spectral radiance can be obtained by using Langley method from a high altitude site. These data can be used to obtain the absolute atmospheric transmittance of the atmosphere. The system can also be used to obtain absorption data on clouds provided they are not too opaque.
The instrument is mounted on a cart which is 3 ft. by 2 ft. For operation at the SGP Cart site in September we would operate by rolling the cart out of the optical trailer onto the observation deck. The instrument is controlled by, and data recorded by, a PC. The unit is self contained and only required 110 vac and liquid nitrogen for operation. It must also be able to see the sun. We would like to operate the system during the ARESE I0P since if we can make some observations through the clouds being observed by the aircraft instruments the data can be used to aid in analysis of the cloud solar spectral data we obtain.
Data: Uncertain whether will be released. There is no present intention to deliver its data to the ARM Science Team. However, after the data have been reviewed/processed by the Univ of Denver, values of cloud optical depth for clouds over the SGP CART Central Facility in the 1-5 micron spectral range may be released.
Francisco Valero
Surface-based Valero Radiometer Network
Description: One system is comprised of 1 total direct diffuse radiometer - TDDR, 1 partial broadband radiometer - PBBR, and 1 total broadband radiometer-TBBR. Instruments are 2 pi field of view. The TDDR covers 7 spectral channels: 0.500, 0.865, 1.05, 1.25, 1.50, 1.65 and 1.75 microns. The PBBR is from 0.3 to 4.0 microns and the TBBR covers 0.3 to .075 microns.
Data: Data are available from the ARM Archive User Interface under IOP data.
Petr Anikine
Acoustic-optical spectrometer (AOS) & Photometer with multiple fields of view (PMFOV)
Description:Acoustic-optical spectrometer (AOS). Provides measurements of direct and scattered solar radiation in wavelength range 0.415 -0.79 microns. Spectral resolution - 0.2 nm; minimal measurement time at one wavelength - 32 ms; FOV - 2 deg. B. Photometer with multiple fields of view (PMFOV). Measures direct and scattered in the cone with half-angles from 1 to 3.5 degrees solar radiation at six wavelengths from 0.5 to 1.2 microns. Instrument is mounted on the solar tracking system.
The objectives of the work are to retrieve the microphysical parameters of aerosol in the atmospheric column and semi-transparent clouds. The measurement data from the acoustic-optical spectrometer enable to determine aerosol optical depth and phase function in aureole region. The PMFOV data are the "instrumental" optical depth of semi-transparent clouds which less than true because of input of scattered radiation. The data from both instruments are inverted to retrieve the parameters of aerosol (AOS) and cloud (PMFOV) size distributions. Requisite atmospheric conditions: cloudless sky, or semi-transparent clouds with optical depth up to 4 - 5. Max. wind velocity 10 m/s (limited by solar tracking system).
Data: Data are available at ARM Experiment Center as part of EOP191 in subdirectory NEW-iaph.
Frank Schmidlin / Doug Sisterson
Ozone Soundings
Description:Twenty-eight (28) consecutive daily launches of meteorological/ozonesondes to approximately 33 km at the Central Facility.
Arrangements for Ozone Sondes
The ARM Program is conducting a campaign in the Fall of 1995 at the SGP CART site Central Facility near Billings, Oklahoma, to study shortwave absorption by clouds since this information is not represented in atmospheric models. Vertical profiles of ozone are needed to inputs of these models to interpret radiative transfer calculations. Frank Schmidlin, Observational Science Branch, NASA Wallops Island is the coordinator for a contract with NASA Wallops Island to provide ozonesondes.
George Brothers (Chemist, Manteck Environmnetal Research Service Corporation) will be at the Central Facility for the period September 19 through October 20 to calibrate and launch ozonesondes, with the assistance of Site Operations. Prentiss Moore (Technician, Allied Signal Corporation) will be at the Central Facility September 19-23 to setup and test the equipment.
Doug Sisterson is the ARM contact:
phone: (708) 252-5836
fax: (708) 252-9792
E-mail: sisterson@anler.er.anl.gov
Frank Schmidlin in the NASA contact:
phone: (804) 824-1618
fax: (804) 824-1036
NASA has shall furnish the personnel, equipment, materials, and supplies (except helium) to provide the following:
A. Twenty-eight (28) consecutive daily launches of meteorological/ozonesondes to approximately 33 km at the Central Facility.
- Actual launch times shall be 11:30 a.m. local time daily for the period September 22, 1995 through October 20, 1995, inclusive.
- Sondes to be supplied shall be ECC ozonesondes with VIZ radiosonde interface.
- Balloons to be supplied shall be 1200 gram balloons, and parachutes.
C. Data requirements shall be as follows:
- High resolution data (described as data acquired every approximately every 1 to 2 seconds) shall be provided in ASCII format on diskettes within 4 weeks of the data collection.
- Data shall be reported in SIU. Data shall include: temperature, relative humidity or dew point temperature, pressure, height, ozone mixing ratio, partial pressure of ozone, and ozone concentration.
- A written report will provide details of the equipment used and procedures for calibrations. The report shall also contain a description of the data format.
Measurements Required to Support ARESE
| MEASUREMENT | PLATFORM | PRIORITY |
| downward broadband shortwave and longwave fluxes | SIROS*, BSRN | 1 |
| upward broadband shortwave and longwave fluxes | SIROS*, MFR25m | 2 |
| soundings of pressure, temperature, humidity | SONDEWRPN+ | 3 |
| downward narrowband shortwave total, direct and diffuse irradiances (MFRSR) | SIROS* | 4 |
| narrowband shortwave optical depths | SIROSOPDEPTH* | 5 |
| upward narrowband shortwave total irradiances (MFR) | MFR10m*, MFR25m | 6 |
| hourly profiles of virtual temperature | 915, 50 RASS | 7 |
| total column water vapor, liquid water | MWR+ | 8 |
| cloud base height | BLC | 9 |
| cirrus cloud base height | MPL | 10 |
| aerosol backscatter profile | n/a | - |
| vertical-only mode wind profiler operation | 915, 50 WP | 11 |
| ozone soundings | special | - |
| cloud radar< | special | - |
| whole sky images | special | - |
* SIROS and MFR10 are located at the Byron, Coldwater, Ringwood and Vici
Extended Facilities as well as at the Central Facility.
+ SONDEWRPN and MWR are located at the Vici, Hillsboro,Morris, and
Purcell Boundary Facilities as well as at the Central Facility.
The other Platforms are only located at the Central Facility.
The above priorities are based on an interpretation of the ARESE Science Plan dated 22 May 1995. Measurements and/or instrument systems not listed above were not mentioned in the Science Plan.
